As the summer comes to an end, I hope it went well for everyone and you are much rested for the great year to come. There will be only a few discussion questions for people to answer. As I have said in a post, you may use one of these discussion questions for your two papers that you need to write. In addition, answering three of the objectives that must be meet in order to be in this class.
How does civilization lead to epidemics?
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To me civilizations lead to epidemics depending on the germs that are present in that civilization. Like what occurred with the black death in which a lot of people died throughout the silk road. Those deaths occurred through civilizations keeping contact with each other by trading and the disease was spread more efficiently.
When the Europeans came to the Americas they had brought, their animals, crops, guns, steel, but they also brought something even deadlier. They brought with them their diseases and germs which wiped out thousands of the Native American civilizations. The European diseases were deadlier than the swords and guns they used to kill the Native Americans. The Europeans brought their deadly germs from Europe all the way to the Americas. The germs quickly reached the Americas which had different climate, day of length, crops, and animals.
Because of the lack of understanding, development, and lack of technology, the cities became very dirty and ruined. People weren’t aware of how to stop the epidemics from spreading, because they didn’t have the same technology as today. When the epidemics started, it was hard to stop it because population was increasing rapidly. It went from one person to the next until it reached a whole civilization. It soon spread from that one civilization to the next. The domesticated crops and animals caused the epidemics such as small pox. People didn’t know this and how to stop it, because they didn’t have the same tools and technology as people today. Scientists just recently found cures to some of worlds most deadly epidemics, but still have many to discover. In the ancient times, there was little understanding towards diseases and how they originated, spread, and how they were to be treated. As civilizations grew in population, so did the death toll due to the terrible epidemics. Diamond concludes that guns, germs, steel, and geography shaped the history of civilizations.
Civilization leads to Epidemics due to all the interaction between different environments. As soon as the farm food production started adapting people started trading with all different types of people in different environments carrying diseases and germs that harms the civilization. Those traders carried animals and food along with their germs to different civilizations. People started trading and migrating to different areas, those people were helping the diseases pass by so fast. During this period people didn’t even know about “disease” and how much it effect a person or an environment. Since they didn’t have a clue about what “germs” or “diseases” are they spread it so easily and didn’t know how to stop spreading it. I really think that during their time disease spread fast due to their lack of knowledge on disease and germs. Even if some people knew about a certain disease that is spreading really fast they didn’t have the technology to communicate like we have today. Different civilizations lack of knowledge and technology lead to those epidemics.
Civilizations lead to epidemics beause of the amount of people in one area, trade and conquests/fighting off conquerers. The amount of people per square inch leads to epidemics because diseases can sporead easier. Also becuase farmers usually get a sickness first(due to dealing with animals which lead to human germs). So one one person gets a sickness it quickly spreads becoming an epidemic becuase people live too close to each other. Trade(as was the case for the sicknesses caused by the Silk Road) lead to epidemics becuase the traders brought along not only their goods but the other places illness with them. The last reason, conquering lead to epidemics because the people your conquering or being conquered by bring/have different germs that you have not adapted to yet.
Civilizations lead to epidemics because of trading and conquering. When conquering a civilization, you also conquered their diseases and germs. Also when the farmers traded their goods/animals. Animals had a lot of germs/diseases in them that was passes on to many other civilizations. Diseases also spread quickly in civiliztions with a bigger population. Since they lived closer together. Many people died because of the diseases but also because they didnt have the technology that we have today.
THe cilivilization lead to epidemics because of the animals in inhabted. The lands bacteria in the animals. So for examnple, when cortez' came to the azetecs to conquer them. THe mostly died of the epidemics of the people that carried them because of the animals the people worked with. Might have contracted the diease form the livestocks.In the book diamond tells us about diease from a microbes,a human, and an aimals perspective. To understand the diease and how it spread by diving itself and living in a new host. To be contracted by other humans.
Epidemics actually started from the settling down of peoples, becoming farmers, herders and what not. The people sleeped, ate, lived beside animals and their conditions were horrible. Breathing in the "outputs"(i cant think of anyother word now) of the animals, bacteria pobably got into their foods. Which is the reason why peoples who didnt settle down in one place was less affected by the germs the animals' germs around them being that they are nomadic. Different areas have different living conditions and the peoples who live in one area may be immune to maybe the fruits or nuts but maybe to an outsider may become ill and vice versa. When trading was brought to the equation it became more obvious, like for example the black plague, which disappeared and reappeared whenever changing the views of the people (forcing the priest to denounce thier regilion, and the sinners to turn to regilion, causing choas). Spreading all over europe, asia, even some parts of africa. killing million due to trade that held infested rats.
When the europeans came to the new world, their sociality was settled, they domesticated animals, they had advanced trade and what not. The natives were settled as well, farmers, and hunters but didnt have much opporunities for trading with other natives and mostly stayed to themselves. They still depended on the land and resources found off the land or animals killed. The europeans were trading with asia, the sub-continent of india and africa...germs galore! Thus not only did the europeans bring their own germs but germs of other people that more than likely they were immune to already. Poor native americans had no chance, the native americans in mesoamerica (the inca) were infected with small pox that killed off a majority of the people, and image what else added to the horrible experience!
( no offense but the english back then were disgusting and dirty...just ewww)
Civilizations lead to epidemics for several reasons. One reason being that with the development of civilization as a result came dense populations. These dense populations then lead to crowded societies which can only lead to illnesses. Now we must look back on why as civilizations developed they became densely populated which was ultimately due to food surpluses which ultimately revolved around crops and livestock. As we know germs, bacteria if you will are everyone. And in an area where solutions like anti-bacterial, soup and let alone hygiene did not exist any organism was a possible victim and suspect for spreading these germs which make up epidemics. Hence, one factor leading to the spread of epidemics is the very livestock peoples domesticated and used as a food source. You see if their livestock was infected with an epidemic they would contract the disease too because they took part in consuming these animals. Another factor is just being in contact with the livestock. As a result of the germs having the ability to evolve instead of the disease being animal communicable it became a human communicable disease. Therefore, the humans were now at risk. Lastly, we have human among human contact or foreign lands, trade. With trade people who were not originally from the place they were trading with, they would contract diseases they knew not the likes of and at this time the only cure was if you'd lived in the land since you were born, having developed immunity to it. In addition to trade as civilization advanced so did time. This free time lead to ideas like conquering. With conquering, the conquers often caused the captured to contract their foreign germs to which of course they had immunity to. Furthermore, we could also say that once civilization lead to technology health was also endangered as, new mechanisms were created which introduced gases into the hemisphere which contributed to polluting which contributed to disease like....In conclusion civilization lead to epidemics through dense populations, technology livestock as well as ignorance now that I think about it. Like women who were at first not given the opportunity to attend school hence making them the prime candidates to contract and spread an epidemic.
Civilization leads to epidemics for a number of reasons. Look back at the Civil War. Smallpox spread throughout South American Indians. Throughout chapter 11, “Lethal Gift of Livestock” it explains why epidemics occur within civilizations. Diamond briefly shares a story about a friend of his-who happens to be a doctor-had a patient sick with pneumonia, caused by an unidentified microbe. This microbe is said to have come from a sheep. The patient had come in contact with a farm animal.
Another reason behind the spread of disease is war. During World War II, military's used those who contained contagious, disgusting germs, to transmit to their enemies. In 1492, the time when Christopher Columbus conquest of the Americas. There were many Native American victims from the Spanish conquistadors microbes, which ended up spreading back to Europe and killing ninety-five percent of Europe’s population. Microbes evolved in multiple ways of spreading (human to human, animal to animal, animal to human, and so on). This could be passed on in food (ex. Salmonella bacteria). Or may be hidden in insects (mosquitoes, fleas, lice, tsetse, etc.) saliva. So it bites a person, and travels onto another and another and so on. Spreading quickly a disease, like malaria. The common and pertussis microbes spread easily through the air. Or they could just wait for the host to die and move onto the next.
hey whats good everyone. we have two more questions to answer right? and do we have to summerize the epilogue and prologue? hey what time r u guys goin to go to bcsm to pick up ur programs?
Mr.Farrelly, can we try to write one sentence for our thesis statement.
Civilizations generally lead to epidemics and various diseases through human intimacy with the domesticating animals and unclean sanitation. When agriculture and farming first started, and as people became sedentary, they settled down in one specific area along with their own feces and sewage, therefore giving the microbes and the germs a shorter path to reach their victims. Also, with their intimacy with their domesticative animals, peasant farmers often lived and slept along or close to cow's or pig's waste, including feces and urine, along with blood. The germs were either inserted into their foods or applied to their skin unintentionally, because some farmers in certain areas of the world used feces for soil and fertilization, which was not a very smart thing to do. Hunter-gatherers on the other hand, didn't have much problem with epidemics of diseases being transmitted to them, because they never were as near to feces or lived a lifestyle that was so sedentary and settled.
As people started to develop more into their culture and built cities and towns, the epidemic cases grew bigger. Along with the population growing with many people living in one place, the sanitation was not so clean and the sewage systems were not as highly developed. Untill then, the germs of feces, urine, and unclean bodies affected the distribution of the epidemics greatly.
I believe civilizations lead to epidemics because of the high population numbers. The more crowded it gets, the higher the chance to get infected. Germs are also acquirable through food. Germs await their next victim in the food that they eat if not properly cared for.
In a civilization there is farming and animal domestication. This creates a lot of interactions with animals. Animals carry deseases that dont harm the m but do us. dealing with them too much increases that chance of sharaing. When you have a barn or field for animals you live and sleep close to them putting you close to what waistes the animal put out. then in a civilaztion when you leave your place you interact with the rest of the world and pass o whatever you have. sooner or later everyone there would have it. Hunter-gatherers would get anything because hey would hunt deal with the animal and finish it.they wont mess with it anymore after that.
Civilizations lead to epidemics depending on the lifestyle of the people. Many factors that lead up to the break out of epidemics are things that almost no one cared about, during those times, or things that they didn't know to do. Due to the poor hygeine, poor eating habits, and the lack of medications to treat the disease. That is why the Native Americans were wiped out very quickly. When the Europeans arrived at the Americas, they arrived with germs and diseases that they were immune to, but were actually quite deadly. Since the Native Americans had no chance in fighting the germs, which were new to them since they were never introduced to them before, and without medication, they were infected and wiped out completely. The Natives didn't have a clue to what a "germ" or a "Disease" was. They were helpless, and with the populations growing rapidly, so did the spread of the disease.
Civilization leads to epidemics in many ways. For instance at the start of food production, people started trading with others in different environments that carried germs which lead to diseases that killed many people. and since these societies were densley populated, these epidemics really fast. For example in Europe, where the populations were high smallpox developed faster, while New Guineans had a low population and it was too low to develop any epidemic. Also, when farmers slept or ate next to their animals, they had germs that got passed on to the farmer's foods and then the animal's germs developed into a disease that adapted to the human. Besides this diseases also developed when there wasn't no medicines or vaccines to prevent a germ from becoming a disease.
The growth of civilizations meant the growth of packed populations of people living a as one and sharing not only intimacy with themselves but also with their livestock. Being crowded and sharing so many resources, they were bound to transmit some kind of harmful bacteria that would severely impact their physical or mental state. From one member to the next, disease could and did spread until it had consumed the entire population of fear, pain, and on many occasions, death. In order for the microbes to survive they would take advantage of the many opportunities that were given to them from these “civilized” people, including their consumption and interaction with various animals, their unsanitary daily routines and the fact that they were un prepared to effectively fight of these deadly foreign invaders from taking their nutrients and their lives. If they were infected there was little hope for them and a much higher rate that they would infect their people. germs were even able to evolve from affecting one species like those of animals to the other, those unfortunately managing the animals. But without the awareness of such transmission, the people would continue their deadly interactions without knowing that the survival of their civilization may be on the verge of a fatality.
A civilization consists of many factors and two of them are technology and some sort of food production such as domesticating plant and animal species. Well those two factors are the sole factors leading to epidemics. Epidemic diseases of humans evolved in areas with many wild plant and animal species suitable for domestication. This was because the crops and animals were food to the societies in which the epidemics could maintain themselves. The infectious diseases like smallpox, measles, and flu arose as human germs but came from mutated versions of germs that came from animals. Agriculture was a precursor to the evolution of infectious diseases. Because agriculture sustains a higher population density then hunter gatherers do. Then technology plays a role in the leading to epidemics. Hunter-gatherers are nomadic so they leave their own piles of feces behind. While on the other hand with the inventions of sewage systems, it provides the microbes on the feces a short path to the other humans mainly through the drinking water.
civilizations do lead to epidemics because in order to make a civilization farming has to be used and farming animal suchas cows,pigs and horses developed illnesses that can be transmitted to humans.Also when a civilization is powerful the civilizations population is large meaning that there is alot of human waste, a breading ground for diseases.If people were still nomads things would have been perfact.
One question that I would like to ask adolfo is that if there were no food production in any place in the world would there still be dieases? Or does the disease only originate from the animals?
Civilization may lead to epidemics in a number of ways. One of the ways is interactions between civilizations who developed food production. When farming and animal/plant domestication began, diseases and germs came about and people were now at risk of catching them. Animals carried these germs and diseases and those who frequently came in contact with the animals were at risk. Sooner or later people start to catch the diseases and they are spread through a number of ways. Also trading spread diseases because civilizations are interacting with each other and diseases are passed on.Especially when cities began to develop and many people go to buy and trade and then unintentionally catch the harmful diseases. War and conquering is another way civilization leads to epidemics because people encounter each other and pass on diseases. The people who are being conquered usually have never been exposed to the diseases and are not immune to them making them die very quickly. The process of food production leads to civilizations which cause farmers and consumers to be exposed to germs and later leads to epidemics mostly caused by animal domestication which is where a lot of diseases come from.
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